“Transparency in fee structures is essential for protecting students’ interests and improving accountability in higher education.” Discuss.

India has made significant progress in poverty reduction, but stagnant real wages raise concerns about the sustainability of these gains. Examine the relationship between poverty reduction, employment growth and earnings in India.

Word Limit: 150 words Marks: 10

“Public trust in democratic institutions depends on the impartial enforcement of law and accountability in public life.” Discuss with reference to concerns arising from criminal cases involving politically influential individuals.

बंगाल की खाड़ी में चीन की बढ़ती आर्थिक और अवसंरचनात्मक उपस्थिति भारत के समुद्री हितों तथा पड़ोसी देशों के साथ संबंधों के लिए नई चुनौतियाँ उत्पन्न करती है। मोंगला बंदरगाह के संदर्भ में भारत की रणनीतिक चिंताओं, नीतिगत कमियों और संभावित उपायों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।

“Dependence on external military and intelligence support can create strategic vulnerabilities during prolonged conflicts.” Discuss with reference to the Russia–Ukraine conflict and explain the lessons for India.